Healthy Diet Plan For Healthy Eating Diet Plans - 995 Words

Healthy Eating Diet Plans Diets are a big part in many people’s everyday lives. Whether you are an athlete, pregnant, overweight, are deciding to be a vegan, or even have a dietary disease you will come across some sort of diet based around your needs. Healthy eating is essential for human evolution in turn because if you aren’t healthy it will be much harder to reproduce. How do these diets differ from each other, certainly not all diets can be similar. Athletes are among the group of people who need to follow a very high carb diet. During their events or sports they are participating in they are burning off a lot of calories and using a lot of energy. Your body transforms carbs into sugars (glucose), in other words, energy. Carbohydrate loading for 3 or 4 days before an event can help top up your glycogen stores,† says sports dietitian Joy Dubost. For a mostly carb diet you will want to focus on eating a lot of breads, pastas, and cereal. Since you burn off so many calories during an event you should try to eat snacks like granola bars every 15-20minutes to replenish the lost calories and not to drain yourself completely. The average person needs approximately 1.4g of protein per kilogram of weight, while an active athlete should strive for 1.7g of protein per kilogram . One common mistake many athletes do is taking supplement like protein powders for this that is very bad for you. You should try to stick to natural source of protein like eggs or milk. During an eventShow MoreRelatedFad Diets : Obesity And Obesity1382 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans want to sit back, relax, and lose weight. Fad diets have become very popular for this reason. Fad diets allow people to simply sit back and take a pill to provide quick weight loss but this weight loss only lasts temporarily. (Fad Diets). On the other hand, few people choose healthy dieting methods, which take longer to see results and include more work but overall are smarter, more efficient methods (Saragih D.R.). A fad diet is any diet that cuts out any particular food group, promises quickRead MoreFads Vs. Healthy Dieting. People Around The Globe Struggle985 Words   |  4 PagesFads vs. Healthy dieting People around the globe struggle with excess weight, but Americans exceed the rates of obesity in other first world countries by thirteen percent. According to Overweight and Obesity Statisics, there are 68.8 percent of the population is overweight or obese in America. Although the numbers of overweight and obese people are higher than ever before, many are not willing to work to lose weight. Americans want to sit back, relax, and put in no work but still lose weight, thisRead MoreUnit 21- M3 D2 Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagescare M3- Asses how the plan will meet the nutritional needs of the chosen individual. D2- Evaluate how nutrition plan might improve the health of the chosen individual. Looking back at the nutritional food plan for the week for my individual which I previously done in my P3, I will be looking back at the kind of food and exercise the individual was doing in that week. This will then link into my D2- as in my previous P5 for this unit I had to create my own healthier diet plan for my individual andRead MoreEssay on Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease1536 Words   |  7 Pagessoul. This holistic approach can be applied when assessing patients’ nutritional status and helping them implement healthy life choices, while living with a disease and possibly the comorbidities caused by the disease. Specifically, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the comorbidities associated can be highly preventable with adequate nutrition, regular exercise and management of a healthy weight throughout life. It is the care provider’s duty to educate patients on prevention and risk reduction for CVDRead MoreSuper Tracker Diet Pl Personal Diet Vs. Recomme ndations From The Food Guide Pyramid1232 Words   |  5 PagesSuper Tracker Diet Plan Personal Diet Vs. Recommendations from the Food Guide Pyramid Initially, Arteria’s diet consisted mainly of fast foods and carbohydrates, eaten twice a day, in the afternoon and evening. This has sharply contradicted with the dietary recommendations from the Super Tracker. Arteria routinely consumed coffee in the morning and some sugary snacks and bread during lunch. The fast food and junk foods she ate contained oil, sugar, and lots of calories, which could eventually leadRead MoreFood Should Be Balanced Out With Sources Of Fats1324 Words   |  6 PagesDiet is a word that people use daily in this time and age and yet there are many people that are unclear about what exactly this word means and how this word can impact their lives. Most misconstrue the actual meaning of the word. A diet is not just some thing that people go on for a few weeks to lose weight, it is a compilation of everything a person consumes for the entirety of their life. There are three established principles for a healthy diet: variety, balance and moderation. Whe n eating,Read MoreThe Ketogenic Way Of Eating905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ketogenic Way of Eating Will eating more fat result in weight loss? Today’s society believes a diet high in saturated fats will cause obesity. In his report at phcuk.org, Eat More Fat? The Controversial New Dietary Advice for The UK Population,† Alan Glasper reports: controversial information that challenges the norm of the medical establishment. The National Obesity Forum (NOF) and the Public Health Collaboration (PHC) has come out with the position that increasing fats and reducing carbohydratesRead MoreVegetarian Diets are the Healthiest Diets Vegetarians have a tendency to live a longer and1700 Words   |  7 PagesVegetarian Diets are the Healthiest Diets Vegetarians have a tendency to live a longer and healthier life. They have a habit of being more concerned and attentive with their diet and what they are eating. Statistics show that vegetarian diets have been adopted by at least 7.3 million Americans today. Dictionary.reference.com states that vegetarianism is â€Å"a person who does not eat or does not believe in eating meat, fish, fowl, or, in some cases, any food derived from animals, as eggs or cheese,Read MoreWill Eating More Fat Weight Loss?874 Words   |  4 PagesWill eating more fat result in weight loss? Today’s society believes a diet high in saturated fats will cause obesity. In his report at phcuk.org, Eat More Fat? The Controversial New Dietary Advice for The UK Population,† Alan Glasper reports, â€Å"controversial information that challenges the norm of the medical establishment. The National Obesity Forum (NOF) and the Public Health Collaboration (PHC) has come out with the position that increasing fats and reducing carbohydrates can reverse obesityRead MoreWeight Gain For College Students936 Words   |  4 Pageshave very unhealthy meal plans, which causes weight gain. However some college kids deal with weight gain in different ways. Some healthy choices students do when they diet are exercise, eat fruits and vegetables and create a healthy eating schedule. Other students make poor choices with dieting such as starve themselves, take diet pills and make themselves throw up after eating a meal. This is called â€Å"unhealthy dieting†. This leads to the question, when college kids diet, how do they do so? Weight

Hard Work Could Be Very Strenuous At Times Making You Want

Hard work could be very strenuous at times making you want to sit back, relax and take a breather. To avoid a complete burnout, visit a Caribbean island or eat something that you really enjoy. Ride a roller coaster or go-cart riding. Do whatever is necessary to feel better. The key is to reward yourself with positive things for a job well done, because you need and deserve it. Intently focusing for long periods of time on certain tasks can become extremely frustrating so you need a release, which is why you should reward yourself. On the flip side, it is also making you become stronger because you are essentially developing a focus-based stamina. Once you get to that point, the rewards will come in quicker than a rushing river. Enjoy The†¦show more content†¦How many of us need this in our life? Audible will allow you to read books without using your eyes that way you can focus on other thing while learning. Great for multitasking. The Power Of Music To Focus Many world-famous artists, sport performers, and entertainers always talk about listening to their favorite songs before entering into the arena. Listening to certain songs such as Eye of the Tiger will give you that push and apps such as the iTunes will allow you to create a playlist for an iPod. Energetic football player Marshawn Lynch says he listens to Lil Boosie No Juice for motivation before game time. In the movie Gone In Sixty Seconds, Randall â€Å"Memphis† Raines played by Nicholas Cage turned on the song Low Rider by War to help him and his crew focus before stealing cars. You do not have to commit Grand Theft Auto after listening to certain music, but you can grab your high-quality wireless headphones and type in ‘focus music’ on YouTube to sooth your mind. Document Your Flowing Ideas When working on certain projects, especially if you are multitasking, sometimes ideas will pop in the head and start flourishing like flowers blossoming in the spring, but sometimes we forget about those ideas minutes later. Programs such as Google Docs and Microsoft Word Live will automatically save your ideas on a cloud no matter where you are or when you type them. You could also use these programsShow MoreRelatedWhy Is It Hard to Find a Job?1051 Words   |  5 Pagessimply put it down on record, the economy has hit rock bottom over the past few years. There is a fierce competition for any available job opening, that society has turned this situation into a huge bloodbath. Citizens are jumping at any opportunity to work anywhere. Because of the fight of finding a job and being hired at a job has become more competitive, companies are raising their standards in search for the best employee to fill the position. A few problems that may prove for finding a job to beRead MoreEssay on Two Kinds1194 Words   |  5 Pagesmother wants her to be and the one Jing-mei (the protagonist and narrator of the story) strives to be. Both mother and daughter in the story have a very complicated relationship. The mother believes that you could become anything you wanted in America. The author emphasizes that Jing-mei’s mother tries to dominate and control her life in every possible way you can imagine. For example her mother’s persistent ways in trying to make her into something she’s not a â€Å"prodigy†, as well as making her takeRead MoreMy Goals For My Future Family988 Words   |  4 Pageswith at least a 3.85 grade point average (GPA) while working a full time job, I can boost my confidence and build up a solid foundation for future endeavors in college. I could probably name a thousand reasons why I decided to go back to college. But, the main reason is for my future family. College is very important in our life. Without education the only job out there is running a cash register for minimum wage. It is hard to make a living on low income. Believe me, I know because I have triedRead MoreSocial Influences On Social And Cultural Context968 Words   |  4 Pages In todays society, you can not turn on the tv or radio without hearing some type of denigrating remark. Unfortunately its the cause of all the social norms. Our nation has been brainwashed by so many factors. Such as tv, radio, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc. This topic reminds me a lot of a section in my psycology class â€Å"Behavior in Social and Cultural Context†. It talks about attributions within social influences, behavior, ethnic identity, and stereotypes. Which could not fit anymore perfectlyRead MoreWho Built America? : A Case For Reparations1186 Words   |  5 Pagesbeautiful written article titled a case for reparations. With a combination between real life testimony’s and facts, Taj has constructed an argument for a case for reparations. With the help from former slave’s and people that existed back during the time of slavery and oppression, Mr.Cotes has painted a picture of why blacks should get some form of reparations. Although Mr.Cotes wasnâ €™t born into slavery is apparent that he has a direct and strong opinion about the Subject. Mr. Cotes started his argumentRead MoreAmerican Idols of the Old West: Cowboys1271 Words   |  5 Pagesusually pictured as a full grown man working hard in a pasture or in a set of pins but in reality, cowboys started off at ages as early as 7 or 8 helping their dads with the everyday chores. In this item of information, the individual happened to be 8 when his hardships began. Now the setting of this book was around the end of the civil war and his family lived in the south. His dad had become a part of the confederate army and had been gone for quite a long time (Adams). He pursued the chores of his dadRead MoreAn Athlete s Worst Nightmare Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesAthlete’s Worst Nightmare Imagine you are going along playing the sport you love, when all of a sudden you hear a pop, your knee gives out, and you are on the ground in pain. This is what happened to me not once, but twice. After going to the doctor both times, they figured out I tore my ACL. The ACL is like a rubber band that holds your knee together enabling you to bend, jump, cut, and run. Without it, your knee could give out at any given time. The first time I experienced it, I was playingRead MoreGraduation Speech On College Education1666 Words   |  7 PagesMy Father once said to me, â€Å"Work hard for four years of college, or work hard for the rest of your life.† What he meant, was that if I pour all my effort and hard work into achieving a degree during the four years I am in college, I will most likely live comfortably the rest of my life, as opposed to not having a college degree; breaking my back every time I go to work. However, the college life has many elements that prevent it f rom being a piece of cake, elements consisting of society s viewsRead MorePhysical And Outside Influence On Athlete Success1662 Words   |  7 Pagestaken into account when determining what makes an athlete successful. One could argue that natural ability is one of the determining factors which leads to success. For example, if an athlete has dreams of playing in the NBA then height makes a difference. There aren’t many successful players in the league under six feet tall. One could argue that level of competition plays a role in the development of an athlete. This could include the skill level of the opponent or outside factors such as playingRead MoreA Life As A Philosophy Of A Person Who Told You That Can Help You Become Financially Independent2095 Words   |  9 PagesWhat would you say to a person who told you that you could retire at age 30, never have to work again, and still live a comfortable life, all on a normal salary and without winning the lottery? You’d probably call them crazy. Of course that’s not how money works. Well, my guest today did retire at age 30, and he did so without making hundreds of thousands of dollars a year. And through his blog, he’s helped other people reach â€Å"financial independence† a lot sooner than they thought possible by living

Civil war technology free essay sample

Civil War Technology led historians to call the American Civil War the first modern war because of the array of new technology with which it was fought. The new technology ranged from weapons to cameras and telegraphs to tin cans. New weapons allowed soldiers to be more effective, but this new technology also meant that more soldiers were killed. The invention of camera’s made this war the first conflict to be accurately recorded with real-life images. This made the civilians more aware of what was happening in the war compared to before when they could only learn by an artist’s impressions. Telegraphs meant that commanders could communicate more quickly with each other and with their respective presidents. An underrated aspect of the war was the use of tin cans. Tin cans allowed food to be shipped longer distances without spoiling, although the food offered in these convenient packages were not as varied or as tasty as modern canned goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil war technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the beginning of the war, both sides still used the old styled muskets that had been used in previous wars. They lacked accuracy and weren’t nearly as deadly as guns are today and allowed the soldiers to line up across from eachother and fire the weapons at eachother. The next year the Union began supplying its troops with rifles, which were easier to load and put a spin on a bullet, increasing its accuracy and firing range. By 1863, most infantrymen on both sides had the new rifles. Another improvement was a new bullet, called the minie ball, which was easier to load into a rifle than the older type of ammunition. The new guns improved a soldiers fighting effectiveness, but they also inflicted more causalities than the older weapons. Minie balls caused more widespread wounds and tissue damage than the older ammo and Civil War surgeons were hard pressed to deal with these more extensive injuries. The combination of the minie balls and new rifles proved to be deadly. Hundreds of thousands died of disease. An estimated 620,000 men lost their lives in the line of duty. Because of the many advances in Civil War technology used during it, the American Civil War can truly be called the first modern war. It was the last major war to use wooden ships in combat and the first to use armored ships. After the war, experts built on technology even more, to get to where technology is today.

Sexual Revolution free essay sample

It can argued that the original sexual revolution took place after World War I during the â€Å"roaring 20s† but for the purposes of this paper the time period between 1960 and 1980 is the time period where the most significant changes took place in regards to the way sex was viewed by western society. During this time period sexual liberation was showcased in the form of increased acceptance of homosexuality, emergence of non-monogamous relationships, availability of contraception’s such as birth control and abortion, and the prevalence of pre-marital sexual relations. The long-term effects of the sexual revolution are: the depiction of sex in the media, the sexual liberation of women, and the prevalence and acceptance of homosexual relationships. The long-term effects of sexual liberation can be viewed in the form of media. What is considered appropriate in media is still debatable today, prior to the sexual revolution it would be unheard of to have a show air on prime time depicting the life of a gay couple (Modern Family) or a show strictly about a misogynistic lothario (Californication). We will write a custom essay sample on Sexual Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The origins of the sexual revolution trace back to the fact that the young people of the time refused to adhere to the norms that their parents had put into place. Instead of living a life rich in Christian values and morals they rebelled and created a concept where â€Å"free love† and understanding were more important. Music also had lasting effects throughout the sexual revolution, creating a sound track for the changing times. Advertising became more risque and the concept of â€Å"sex sells† is thrust into the American lexicon. Beginning during the sexual revolution and still a tactic today, pretty women are used to get a man’s attention in marketing. Today it is not uncommon to see ads on TV or in magazines about contraceptives or sexual performance drugs. Not much is taboo anymore and sex is constantly being used to gain viewers and capture their attention. It is important not to overlook one of the key factors in the shaping of the sexual revolution, the liberation of women. Women were increasingly viewed as equal individuals, becoming independent. Importantly, allowing women to become more financially independent. The women’s movement also contributed greatly to the redefining of a women’s sexuality, no longer did all women feel inferior to men. They were allowed to make their own decisions, and their voices were heard. The feminist movement of the early 1960s sought to eradicate the sexual objectification of women, by challenging the traditional norms about female sexuality and lesbianism. Feminist ideology centered on the notion that sexual liberation could be used to gain power back from men. The sexual liberation of women has changed the role of women in society in a positive way. While many positive outcomes have spawned from the sexual liberation of women, today some negative long term effects exist, increased exposure to sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV/Aids, increased rate of children being born to young and single mother, incapable of providing a good life, and the belief by some that women are now depicted in an overtly sexual way too often. The sexual revolution has given rise to the prominence of â€Å"out† homosexuals and helped to increase cultural acceptance of gays, lesbians, and transsexuals. The Gay Rights Movement started in the late 1960s and drastically changed the meaning of being gay. Prior to the sexual revolution it was extremely uncommon for a gay individual to â€Å"come out;† the majority of homosexuals went to great lengths to conceal their sexual preference, in turn forcing many to live a lie. The movement took a turn for the better when â€Å"coming out† became a unifying statement about one’s sexual preference and used as an empowerment tool. Similarly, lesbians began â€Å"coming out† during the feminist movement. The long-term effects of the sexual revolution regarding ones sexual preference has changed lives. Gays and lesbians can get married in some states, having the same martial rights as heterosexual couples. However, while great strides have been taken to gain equality, some homosexuals still face ridicule when they decide to â€Å"come out†. Although the sexual revolution has positively changed the meaning of being gay a great deal, it will take more time for everyone to consider these men and women equal regardless of their sexual preference. The long-term effects of the sexual revolution can be viewed today by; the depiction of sex in the media, the sexual liberation of women, and the prevalence and acceptance of homosexual relationships. Prior to the sexual revolution it would have been considered poor taste to use â€Å"sex† to sell a product, today it is common place for sexual content to drive ad campaigns. It is also very common to have sex be the focus of primetime shows or to be featured on the news. The sexual revolution paved the way for the sexual liberation of women, today women have used their sexual equality to empower themselves in other areas of life such as the political spectrum and the work force. It is clear that the sexual revolution has also paved the way towards the acceptance and equality of homosexuals. The sexual revolution will forever have a lasting impact on society.

Kids and VIolence essays

Kids and VIolence essays Violence on Television: How It Affects Todays Youth My partner and I are both seniors attending High School. This upcoming summer will be my third year life guarding at the Columbian Swim Club, in Union. My partner has worked in the building next door, the Boys s youth. Part II Statement of the Problem Anthony and I came up with a problem that concerns many parents. It seems as though violence plays a role in the lives of many people. Even innocent children are affected by the negative things that go on in the huge world we live in. Television violence is often overlooked because of its ability to retain childrens attention. Countless mothers and fathers put their children in front of the television so they can have time to themselves. As a result, the kids are subjected to unnecessary media violence. Anthony and I feel as thought this violence has a great effect on the childrens lives. We decided to further investigate this hypothesis. We presented 45 kids, ranging from ages 6 through 15, with a short questionnaire regarding the television shows they watch. The age categories were broken down into three groups. These were ages 6-9, ages 10-12, and ages 13-15. The purpose of this was to find if age had anything to do with the results. The questions asked the children what their favorite TV show is, if they stop doing school work to watch TV, if they act violent towards their friends and family, and if they prefer happy shows or sad shows. The questionnaire was anonymous so that the children would answer honestly. We were hoping to find some sort of connectio ...

How to Create a 2017 Job Search Roadmap

How to Create a 2017 Job Search Roadmap So you’ve set your career goals for 2017. (You totally have, right? If not, you still have time!) Yet unless you have some organization and a realistic timeline behind them, it’s likely that you’ll be in the same spot this time next year, wondering where the time went. Start the year with a roadmap like the sample one below, and you’ll be able to stay on track without overwhelming yourself with all job search elements at once.December: Start with a wish listWhere do you want to be in a year? What kind of role would you like to have? Before the new year even starts, take some time to think about what it is you really want to do. â€Å"A new job† doesn’t really cut it here- think about which job. Or if you want to keep the same kind of job you have now (or the one you had last), include specific companies you’d like to target.January-February: Do your due diligenceIf you haven’t already, dig in and research your target jobs or com panies. What is the general market for your industry and skill/experience level? Is there a particular hiring season? What kind of salaries are available in that field? Keep all of this information in a file (digital or old-school print) so you can go back to it later, or add to it as you come across new information.March-April: Resume makeover timeIf it’s been a while since you last overhauled the doc, it’s best to start from scratch. There are resume templates available online, or you can create your own. The important thing here is to make sure your current skills and achievements are not only listed, but maximized. Use strong action verbs, and avoid passive bullet points about â€Å"responsibilities.† And most importantly, proofread the heck out of it every time you add or change information.By the end of the month, when you feel like you’ve got a final draft, hand it over to a trusted friend to read and review for information that’s missing, c onfusing, etc.May-June: Interview rehearsalRemember that old joke that asks you how to get to Carnegie Hall? (Practice, of course.) It’s schticky, but it applies here as well. No matter how confident you feel in your ability to rock an interview, you should still set aside time to prep. You can start here, to get a refresher course on what to expect on interview day. Once you’ve done that legwork, practice how you’d respond to particular questions, and how you would frame the information in your resume.Practice in the mirror, practice with your goldfish, practice with a friend or family member until they’re sick of hearing about your problem solving skills. Practice your body language. Practice your winning interview smile like you’re prepping for the Miss America pageant.July-August: Skill buildingAre there skills required by your target job or skills that would make you an even better candidate for your dream company? Think of this as the equival ent of summer reading from when you were a kid. If there are classes available and it’s possible for you to take them, sign up! If there aren’t any available or they just don’t work for your schedule or budget, set aside a certain amount of time per week to do online research or talk with people who have expertise.September-October: ApplyOnce you feel like your foundations are good, start applying for job openings. Keep in mind that a lot of hiring takes place through personal recommendations and word of mouth, so also keep an eagle eye on your networks to see if anyone can help you get an in with one of your target companies.November-December: Keep up the huntKeep applying for openings as you see them, and don’t hesitate to go back to steps you completed earlier in the year if you feel the need. Always be vigilant for chances to boost your skills. Make sure your resume up-to-the-minute. Practice your suave, hire-me handshake. And don’t forget that so much of the job search is waiting for the right opportunity, so don’t be discouraged if you don’t see results right away.This yearlong roadmap is just a guide- if a different schedule works best for you, run with it! It might be that while you’re in the midst of interview bootcamp, your dream job opens up. So definitely keep an eye on opportunities throughout the year, and adjust your plan as necessary. The important part is that you’re setting a plan, and getting yourself in shape for the 2017 new-job marathon.

There Is No Such Thing as Rest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

There Is No Such Thing as Rest - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the history of slavery in America goes back to the times of its discovery by Christopher Columbus in the early 16th century. The discovery was followed by the invasion led by Spanish, British and French rulers who wanted to exploit the vast wealth of new world. They also brought the shipload of African slaves so that could have free labor to work in the fields and do other menial work. African tribal were initially captured from the west coast of Africa and later traded as slaves in the European market. They were skilled farmers and were also known for their artwork on metal and wood. Europeans exploited them by making them slaves and using their skilled labor for free. Hence, when they were short of farm laborers in America, African slaves were brought to America, thereby starting the tradition of slavery in America. For centuries, whites have been enjoying the free labor of slaves and have become used to treating the blacks as second-c lass citizens. Slavery was made into a full-fledged tradition with Africans and nonwhites becoming slaves for life. They were deprived of their rights to live in dignity vis-Ã  -vis fair living condition, food, and education. When native population or American Indians as they were known as started to rebel, control over blacks became the major concern for the Whites. The conflict escalated into the famous 7 years war which finally concluded into American Revolution. Mantis asserts that American Revolution became the catalyst for the abolition of slavery. American Revolution was significant because it laid the foundation for free democratic America, which promoted empowerment of the people.

Report on health and safety differences between carribean and uk Essay

Report on health and safety differences between carribean and uk - Essay Example The way in which they do this varies, however, from one country to the next. While the Caribbean islands handle this administration through a prescriptive approach, the UK uses something called goal-setting strategies to ensure basic human health and safety standards are met. This particular method of enforcing compliance is quite different from prescriptive strategies in many ways, which will be enumerated through various examples throughout this document. Companies that operate in more than one country may find it beneficial to meet the most restrictive of the requirements set forth by both countries, but can only do so once those requirements are delineated and compared. By understanding the current conditions and prescriptive strategies used in the Caribbean as well as the conditions and strategies used in the UK, one can compare the similarities and differences between the two systems and adjust each for maximum goal-setting strategy development prior to company relocation. In discussing prescriptive strategies versus goal-setting strategies, it is important to understand the difference between the two. Although legislation can be created in any country that governs the use of goal-setting strategies as well, the use of the term prescriptive strategies as it is used in this document will refer to all health and safety management strategies that are specifically outlined in legislative form. In other words, these strategies are required by mandate as a means of meeting basic minimum compliance levels, and tend to spell out the exact requirements, methods, practices and means of reporting or record keeping in the areas of health and safety management for employees and companies operating within a specific governmental sphere. These minimum requirements can be applied to any kind of health or safety issue including environmental concerns at large, employee health plans or allowable workforce

The Impact of social networking Essay Example for Free

The Impact of social networking Essay INTRODUCTION Online social media have gained astounding worldwide growth and popularity which has led to attracting attention from variety of researchers globally. Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or MySpace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth. POSITIVE IMPACTS It is inevitable to ignore the fact that nowadays social network plays an essential role in teenagers’ lives. Most youths are spending at least an hour in these popular social media sites. Generally, 1 out of 7 minutes which are spent online by most of those who can access internet is spent on Facebook according to Shea Bennett. One may ask how spending all that time on the social media sites may have a positive impact on them. Well, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, help the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship even if they finished school and moved to different locations they stay connected and update one another. In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating various topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed they say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and efficient. NEGATIVE IMPACTS While on one hand social network sites seems to bring people together and connected on the other hand it creates social isolation in regard to BBC News report. As the youth tend to spend many hours on these sites, they rarely have face-to-face interaction.

Education: The Improvement of Humanity :: Education Essays

"Education in modern society is about power. To ask who is to be educated is to ask who is to rule."(Halls, vii) This same statement could also apply to the eighteenth century; the wealthier families could afford to send their children off to college to further their education to become doctors or lawyers. This form of education progressed until 1760 when the nationalization of the education system became a noticeable progression. They believed that through making education a national topic then they could in turn influence the students to create a better society. The church was even pressing for national education. "Education became an almost universal corrective to human and social ills."(Palmer, 3) While the children were in school this gave the educators an opportunity to install "virtues and desirable attitudes and habits." (Palmer, 3) However, not everyone believed that the only way to create a better society was to train the children from a young age to act a certain way. Many believed that a child is born with a set of morals and virtues to prevent them from doing something that should not be done. If a child is not born with these morals and virtues then even being trained from a young age to act a certain way is not going to prevent them from doing something that the soc iety sees as wrong. Colleges also played into the ideal of creating a better society. "The ideal French college in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was a place of salutary confinement, designed to shield growing boys from the evils of the outside world." (Palmer, 13) Prior to the eighteenth century "Northwestern France, England, and the Netherlands showed about the same rate of literacy and together formed the most literate zone in Europe, until overtaken by Scotland during the eighteenth century." (Palmer, 10) As important as education began to be it didn't change the fact that the best education that one could receive (whether peasant or other wise) was in the city rather than in the more rural areas. "Between the end of the seventeenth century and the revolution, the definitive breakthrough of the majority of peasants in the north into the world of writing and literacy was more common and schools more accessible, in the towns than in the country." (Palmer, 10) As a result, if the family lived in an area that was close to a good school, were above the poverty line, and did not need the children for labor, then each family could have, at the very least, one son that could receive an education. Education: The Improvement of Humanity :: Education Essays "Education in modern society is about power. To ask who is to be educated is to ask who is to rule."(Halls, vii) This same statement could also apply to the eighteenth century; the wealthier families could afford to send their children off to college to further their education to become doctors or lawyers. This form of education progressed until 1760 when the nationalization of the education system became a noticeable progression. They believed that through making education a national topic then they could in turn influence the students to create a better society. The church was even pressing for national education. "Education became an almost universal corrective to human and social ills."(Palmer, 3) While the children were in school this gave the educators an opportunity to install "virtues and desirable attitudes and habits." (Palmer, 3) However, not everyone believed that the only way to create a better society was to train the children from a young age to act a certain way. Many believed that a child is born with a set of morals and virtues to prevent them from doing something that should not be done. If a child is not born with these morals and virtues then even being trained from a young age to act a certain way is not going to prevent them from doing something that the soc iety sees as wrong. Colleges also played into the ideal of creating a better society. "The ideal French college in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was a place of salutary confinement, designed to shield growing boys from the evils of the outside world." (Palmer, 13) Prior to the eighteenth century "Northwestern France, England, and the Netherlands showed about the same rate of literacy and together formed the most literate zone in Europe, until overtaken by Scotland during the eighteenth century." (Palmer, 10) As important as education began to be it didn't change the fact that the best education that one could receive (whether peasant or other wise) was in the city rather than in the more rural areas. "Between the end of the seventeenth century and the revolution, the definitive breakthrough of the majority of peasants in the north into the world of writing and literacy was more common and schools more accessible, in the towns than in the country." (Palmer, 10) As a result, if the family lived in an area that was close to a good school, were above the poverty line, and did not need the children for labor, then each family could have, at the very least, one son that could receive an education.

Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System (Bacps)

Bangladesh Bank Head Office, Dhaka Payment Systems Division PSD Circular No. 02/2009 Managing Director/Chief Executive Officers All scheduled banks in Bangladesh Date : 4 Falgun 1415 February 16, 2009 Dear Sir, Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System (BACPS) at the expanded Dhaka Clearing Region. You are aware that Bangladesh Bank has been working to modernize the country’s payment system. The most visible step towards modernizing payment system is the establishment of the Bangladesh Automated Clearing House (BACH). Bangladesh Automated Cheque Processing System (BACPS) is one of two components of BACH. The other component of BACH is the Bangladesh Electronic Funds Transfer Network (BEFTN), which will be implemented immediately after implementing first phase of BACPS. Selected vendor has already started procuring necessary hardware and software for the BACPS solution. Detailed system specifications and operational configurations are being defined and calculated with a target of going live operation at expanded Dhaka Clearing Region with more than 1050 bank branches of 49 banks in and around the capital city during the second half of 2009. 2. The basic features of BACPS are the adoption of new cheque design standard with a Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) code line and the exchange of cheque-image and data instead of paper cheques for clearing and settlement purpose. Retention of the original paper cheque will become the responsibility of the presenting bank rather than the paying bank. Banks are required to make arrangement and develop infrastructures to meet the requirements of the new system. Bangladesh Bank will adopt necessary Regulation(s) and issue Operating Rules and Procedures in this regard. Standards of cheques for BACPS have already been circulated and banks have meanwhile been advised to take steps to print uniform standardized cheques with MICR line. Appropriate information to the banks about requirements they must meet to participate in and interface with BACPS are provided below: (i) Point of Truncation: All scheduled banks who are members of the Dhaka Clearing House will be required to submit their list of selected branches and to finalize their â€Å"point of truncation† for submission of their outward cheque images and data to BACPS and be prepared to handle cheque image and data as part of their inward clearing operations. Banks can choose to truncate and process their cheques at individual branch level or at a consolidation point in line with their business needs. However, it must be noted that each bank will have only one Point of Truncation for BACPS. (ii) Scanning Standard: Images must be captured for both the sides (front and back) of each instrument in the format prescribed below: Image Type 01. 02. Front : Black and White Back : Black and White DPI range 200-300 DPI 200-300 DPI Format TIFF TIFF Compression CCITT G4 CCITT G4 3. iii) Software/Integration: All banks will receive images and data, not paper cheques, from the BACPS for all of the items for which they are the paying bank. Therefore, all banks must acquire the capability to accept as well as to send the image files and data from and to the BACPS. However, those banks who will not be able to equip themselves for processing out clearing items electronically within the stipulated time, will be allowed to process their ‘out-clearingsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ by using the Bangladesh Bank’s own facility at Motijheel for a limited time. However, banks availing of ‘out-clearing’ facilities will have to acquire the capability to receive their ‘In-clearing’ items electronically. Once in-clearing data and images are delivered to a bank by BACPS, the subsequent verification and Contd†¦ P/2 -2- processing of that information becomes the responsibility of the respective paying bank. Bangladesh Bank will supply a gateway software module, known as the Participating Bank Module (PBM) which will act as a gateway, amongst other functions, enabling the receipt or transmission of images and transaction data from and to the BACPS. iv) Communication Links: All scheduled banks are required to put in place two secure communication links, one with BACH Headquarter at Motijheel and another with the BACH Disaster Recovery Site (DRS) at Mirpur. The size and scalability of these links will depend on each bank’s mode of operation and daily volumes. It is preferred that banks acquire fibre optic link an d another redundant communication link with BACH at Motijheel and DRS at Mirpur, Dhaka. 4. Participating banks are required to accomplish the following tasks within the time stipulated below : Activity Issuing MICR standard cheques and phasing out non-standard cheques used by customers b. Selection of vendor(s) and submission of plan for installing necessary hardware and software for cheque processing and connectivity with BACH c. Communication links installed between banks and the BACH d. Users’ Acceptance Test (UAT) for each individual bank with BACPS e. BACPS LIVE a. Dead-line 01-03-2009 to 30-05-2009 30-04-2009 31-05-2009 01-06-2009 to 30-07-2009 03-08-2009 5. The purpose of this circular and distribution of functional specifications is to provide an initial understanding about the requirements that must be met by the participating banks. Detailed specifications attached to this circular are: (i) Active Image Clearing System (AICS) Specification containing the format of the files to be exchanged between BACPS and participating banks (Annexure-I) (ii) PBM Specification regarding functionality for gateway software module (Annexure-II) (iii) Network Specification describing standards for the communication links and security devices required for interfacing with the BACH (Annexure-III) All of these Annexures may be provided in soft versions on a CD and also be available at our website. 6. It is, therefore, advised that member banks update their preparations to be in step with the progress of the implementation of the BACH. The BACPS rules and procedures will be forwarded to you in due course. Please acknowledge receipt. ( Chowdhury Mohidul Haque ) Executive Director, Bangladesh Bank and Project Director, RPP Project Tel: 7167988, Fax: 7164233 Email: chowdhury. [email  protected] org. bd

Need of the Study Essay

It is rightly said plastic money is need of the hour. People are using these cards on a vast scale. But after considering the material available on the subject, it is seen that the whole payment process of processing these cards†¦ Introduction Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.[1][2][3] The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; a store of value; and, perhaps, a standard of deferred payment.[4][5] Any item or verifiable record that fulfills these functions can be considered money. Money is historically an emergent market phenomenon establishing a commodity money, but nearly all contemporary money systems are based on fiat money.[4] Fiat money, like any check or note of debt, is without intrinsic use value as a physical commodity. It derives its value by being declared by a government to be legal tender; that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for â€Å"all debts, public and private†.[citation needed] Such laws in practice cause fiat money to acquire the value of any of the goods and services that it may be traded for within the nation that issues it. The money supply of a country consists of currency (banknotes and coins) and usually includes bank money (the balance held in checking accounts and savings accounts). Bank money, which consists only of records (mostly computerized in modern banking), forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.[6][7][8]

Evolution of the American Television Family essays

Evolution of the American Television Family essays Television is not just a form of entertainment, but it is an excellent form of study of societys view concerning its families. This study focuses on the history of television beginning in the early 1950s and will run through present day. It examines the use of racial, ethnic and sexual stereotypes to characterize the players of these shows. The examples assist in tracing what has happened to the depiction of the American family on prime time television. It reveals the change of the standards employed by network television as disclosed to the American public. Finally, I will propose the question of which is the influential entity, television or the viewing audience. The Goldbergs, which was originally a radio show, became the first popular family series. It became a weekly TV series in 1949, revealing to Americans a working class Jewish family who resided in a small apartment in the Bronx. The show, while warm and humorous, confronted delicate social issues, such as sensitivity due to the Second World War. It is an excellent example of an ethnic familys status in society. A classic among classics, I Love Lucy appeared on television on October 15, 1951, (nick-at-nite.com/tvretro/shows/ilovelucy/index.tin). The series premise focused on the antics of a nonsensical wife who beguiles her easily angered husband. The series created the men-versus-women standard on television, (such as what we see between Dan and Roseanne on Roseanne today), that still predominates today. One circumstance that led TV executives to seriously challenge the shows impending success was the use of Lucille Balls real-life Cuban husband, Desi Arnaz. The mixed-marriage status was a questionable concept that worried the administrators. The situation prevailed; its episodes routinely attracted over two-thirds of the television audience. Leave it to Beaver, the definitive 1950s household comed...

Meet Janus, Father of Zeus and Roman Original

Meet Janus, Father of Zeus and Roman Original Janus is an ancient Roman, a composite god who is associated with doorways, beginnings, and transitions. A usually two-faced god, he looks to both the future and the past at the same time, embodying a binary. The concept of the month of January (the beginning of one year and the ending of the end) is both based on aspects of Janus. Plutarch writes in his Life of Numa: For this Janus, in remote antiquity, whether he was a demi-god or a king, was a patron of civil and social order, and is said to have lifted human life out of its bestial and savage state. For this reason he is represented with two faces, implying that he brought mens lives out of one sort and condition into another. In his Fasti, Ovid dubs this god two-headed Janus, an opener of the softly gliding year.  Hes a god of many different names and many different jobs, a unique individual the Romans regarded as fascinating even in their own time, as Ovid notes: But what god am I to say thou art, Janus of double-shape? for Greece hath no divinity like thee. The reason, too, unfold why alone of all the heavenly one thou doest see both back and front. He was also considered the guardian of peace, a time at which when the door to his shrine was closed. Honors The most famous temple to Janus in Rome is called the Ianus Geminus, or Twin Janus. When its doors were open, neighboring cities knew that Rome was at war. Plutarch quips: The latter was a difficult matter, and it rarely happened, since the realm was always engaged in some war, as its increasing size brought it into collision with the barbarous nations which encompassed it round about. When the two doors were closed, Rome was at peace. In his account of his accomplishments, Emperor Augustus says the gateway doors were closed only twice before him: by Numa (235 BCE) and Manlius (30 BCE), but Plutarch says, During the reign of Numa, however, it was not seen open for a single day, but remained shut for the space of forty-three years together, so complete and universal was the cessation of war. Augustus closed them three times: in 29 BCE after the Battle of Actium, in 25 BCE, and debated the third time. There were other temples for Janus, one on his hill, the Janiculum, and another built, in 260 at the Forum Holitorium, constructed by C. Duilius for a Punic War naval victory. Janus in Art Janus is usually shown with two faces, one looking forward and the other backward, as through a gateway. Sometimes one face is clean-shaven and the other bearded. Sometimes Janus is depicted with four faces overlooking four forums. He might hold a staff. The Family of Janus Camese, Jana, and Juturna were wives of Janus. Janus was the father of Tiberinus and Fontus. History of Janus Janus, the mythical ruler of Latium, was responsible for the Golden Age and brought money and agriculture to the area. He is associated with trade, streams, and springs. He could have been an early sky god.

Critically evaluate using examples the issue of stop and search and Essay

Critically evaluate using examples the issue of stop and search and discuss how the police have administered their powers effectively in their effort to combat - Essay Example Modern world is chock-full of complexities and this has its reflections in every constituent of the society including criminology. â€Å"Crime control is in crisis. Not only have levels of crime risen, but crime is increasingly regarded as a normal aspect of the social and economic system, rather than as disruption or deviance† (Lea, 2003). The police, in their efforts to check the number of crimes, have adopted various policies and the government gives utmost support to these efforts. In spite of these measures the amount of crime and violence is all but checked. Rather, many of the police procedures raise voice of discomforts among the general public. The case of controlling internal violence is not different. â€Å"Nevertheless, the police ability to control domestic violence is . . . limited and Conditional.† (Sherman, 1992, p. 247-248). A critical discussion on stop and search and the police administration of powers not only help us identify the efficiency of the s ystem in combating crime but more importantly make out the issues of criminology as a whole. Administered properly, stop and search is one of the most effective tools of policing in combating crime and thereby ensuring internal safety and security. Crime is an inevitable characteristic of every society and has been one of the primary concerns of the society at every age. Especially in the modern scenario, we find a renewed instability and conflict and an amounting threat to the material survival of the planet. â€Å"Crime is a central feature of this grim scenario as it progressively loses its status as a clearly identifiable disruption of the normal peaceful processes of social, political and economic life to become a core element of those processes themselves† (Lea, 2003). It is, therefore, necessary that the ever amounting number of crime and its related situation is addressed and studied in order to

Motivational Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Motivational Plan - Research Paper Example This is based on the identification of the factors that are in correlation to values, emotions and attitude of the team members. The paper also offers a summary of the different modes of identifying the factors and providing conclusions that are overtly related to influencing the performance of the team positively. There has been a focus on business design as a necessary component of motivating a team in an organization. In order to achieve motivation, performance and satisfaction, every organization needs to have a working design. Through having a working design, there is a boost to the effectiveness of a given team. However, the behavior of the term is shaped by the individuals’ values, personalities, emotions and attitudes. Working as a mentor that manages a Shipping Department for Athletic Equipment, there is a need to have a grip on these matters and get to understand, evaluate and analyze the different attributes of each and every team member. This is the means through which effective work design and efficient team layout can be put in place. Moreover, having individuals with different personalities, attitudes and emotions mean there is s need for the establishment of a comprehensive motivational plan. For instance, at the department, there are three individuals with different per sonalities (Keller, 2009). Pursia and Cleveland are impressed while Lydia is an interactive person. This, therefore, implies a need for a comprehensive motivational plan if the potential of the team members is to be exploited. Worthy to note is the fact that those team members who seem not too ecstatic about their work are more often not comfortable with the concept of the team. In order to build a progressive team, one needs to use personalities, values, attitudes and the emotions of the employees in order to motivate the performance of the team. Attitude refers to the perception of an individual with regards to other people, items or events. Attitude can

Soda Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Soda Tax - Essay Example In fact, a ten- year research carried on individuals with a regular intake of diet soda revealed a 70% (Picca 35) increase on their waistline in comparison to individuals with a zero tolerance to soda intake. I that believe soda tax serves an effective measure of saving the ignorant American population, who turn a blind eye to dire health complications for continuous soda intake. A tax charge on soft beverages will have a profound reduction of illnesses such as diabetes associated with unhealthy lifestyle. Aside from obesity, public health officials also highlight additional health benefits of a potential soda tax such as improved dental hygiene. In the last 50 years, soft drink consumption has increased by whooping 500% (Brill 46). Interestingly soft drinks like soda consist of massive calories but with zero nutritional value. Even with such scary statistics soft drinks consumption make up 7% percent of energy consumption in adults and with a larger percentage reported in children and adolescents (Brill 47). A tax charge on soda would result into a consumption reduction. Public health officials note that a consumer reduction in soda intake would reduce obesity cases nationwide, hence significant step towards the fight against diseases such as diabetes. The rising cost of soda, would reduce consumer intake, and consequently reduce weight gain of approximately 90 % of the American population (Picca 36). A research carried out by the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey in 2010 revealed that indeed states with higher taxes on soda recorded the lowest consumer consumption on soft drinks (Picca 37). Individuals in such states turned to healthy drinks such as milk and natural juice for calories consumption. Following the success of taxation on tobacco and tobacco products, that led to a signification reduction of health complication associated with regular nicotine intake (Picca 37). Taxation on soda would have the same implications on health

Effectiveness of Loyalty Schemes for Supermarkets

Effectiveness of Loyalty Schemes for Supermarkets Chapter 1 Introduction It is necessary for organisations to carry out market research before they can come up with a good quality marketing strategy no matter how big or small the company is. Market research is when an organisation studies their customers buying habits and gathers information about the market. The information they find is then analysed to determine the expectations of customers. Market research is necessary because organisations should aim to be marketing orientated and meet the wants and needs of their customers. As well as meeting the wants and needs of customers marketing orientated companies welcome change. This means they can react to external factors and changes in the market like changes in consumer spending patterns. It is a lot easier for an organisation to put together a good marketing strategy if they are marketing orientated and have carried out the appropriate market research to identify the wants and needs of their target market. It is essential for an organisation to satisfy its customers. Meeting customer needs will improve the organisations reputation amongst its customers which will result in a higher profit and could make potentially make customers loyal to the brand. In 1995 Tesco introduced their Clubcard. This was the first customer loyalty card introduced in the UK and there are now 13 million Clubcard members. (MIS Quarterly Executive Vol.8 No.2/June 2009, Leveraging Multichannel retailing: the experience of Tesco.com) Loyalty programs are not just used by companies to offer benefits to regular shoppers and reward customers for their loyalty. Every time a customer uses their loyalty card in store organisations record what products that customer has purchased to find out their specific wants and needs. If the research shows that a product is more popular with customers in a certain area then an organisation could introduce offers to meet customer needs. Therefore loyalty programs are used as a form of market research. The majority of major retailers in the UK now offer loyalty programs. Therefore the purpose of this research is to examine the benefits and drawbacks of these programs to both organisations and customers to see weather actual loyalty can be obtained through one of these programs. There must be major benefits of Loyalty programs otherwise they would not be so popular. However not every organisation like Asda does offer a loyalty program so the purpose of this research is to determine whether they are worth investing in. If the majority of customers who shop in an organisations store own loyalty cards is the company able to process all of the information they have gathered. A loyalty card will also only show the retailer what a customer spends in their specific store and not their general buying habits. A customer may buy their weekly shopping in Tesco and use their Clubcard yet may buy meat from another supermarket or from a local butcher. If Tesco knew this they could introduce offers to encourage customers to buy meat in their store. The Clubcard however would not provide Tesco with this information. Despite this Tesco could use their Clubcard to identify changes in consumer buying patterns. A customer can however own as many loyalty cards as they want which means they can supply information to many different organisations. When customers sign up to a loyalty program they have to provide name, address, age group and often email address allowing the organisation to contact them regularly with offers. With this information the organisation offering the scheme can understand what kind of person is buying certain products. This helps them segment the market and identify the target market for any product. This research is important and of value because organisations will benefit from it if they are considering investing in a loyalty scheme. This research will also help companies understand the advantages and disadvantages of loyalty programs and identify ways they can make the most of the large amounts of data they gather from customers. This research will also be off interest to customers who have signed up to loyalty programs and people involved in business. There are many aims and objectives of this research. The first aim is to understand what loyalty actually is and the importance of loyal customers. Is it actually possible for an organisation to obtain loyalty with a customer? If so can this be achieved through one of these programmes? Also is it possible to measure just how loyal customers are? The second aim is to study the history of loyalty cards and programs and find out which organisations along with Tesco where first to introduce loyalty cards and gain an understanding of how rapidly the trend has grown since both in the UK and internationally. This information will help organisations understand how loyalty cards became so popular with retailers. The third aim of this research is to find examples of how the information gathered from customers using their loyalty card in store has benefited organisations when they determine their marketing strategy. This research will determine whether it is possible for a retailer to process all the information provided by loyalty programs considering how popular they are with customers. Is there any reason why a major retailer like Asda does not offer a loyalty program when a lot of its direct competitors do? This study will also help identify how organisations can benefit from loyalty kiosks. The fourth aim of this research to understand whether loyalty programs really benefit customers or whether its just organisations that get the main benefits. In a lot of cases customers have to spend a lot of money in the retailers store to gain loyalty points and money off products. Despite this organisations can use loyalty programs to determine which products are popular with customers and introduce offers. Therefore being part of a loyalty program could benefit the customer without them really realising it. This study will also help identify how customers can benefit from loyalty kiosks. The final aim is to investigate the different types of loyalty programmes organisations offer and the advantages and disadvantages of the various programmes. This information will hopefully help organisations determine which type of loyalty scheme is most appropriate for them to invest in. All the aims of this project will be achieved by gathering information obtained through secondary research. A large proportion of this research will be gathered from the academic journals. Research will also be gathered from relevant information found in books, articles, newspaper reports and case studies. Previous literature will be reviewed and critically analysed. After this the research methods will be described and results of this research will be discussed, analysed and related back to relevant theory shown in the literature review. The study will then be concluded showing any limitations. The main lessons learnt from this study will be described showing what future research should be conducted. Chapter 2 Literature Review What is loyalty? Can it be purchased? The word loyal is defined in the oxford English dictionary as being â€Å"true to obligations of duty and love† although it is hard to imagine the average consumer feels this way about the supermarket where they buy their groceries. (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) argue that it is not possible for a consumer to have an emotional attachment towards a brand of tomato soup. Even if customers are not loyal many retailers may have their personal information stored in their computer database. (Rowley 2000) understands that it is very difficult for supermarket to encourage actual loyalty and claims that â€Å"the very technology that supports innovations such as loyalty cards may serve to undermine the concept of loyalty.† Many people believe that true loyalty is not actually attainable through loyalty programs and that the main purpose of these programs is to provide management with information. (Jenkinson 1995) strongly believes this and claims that: â€Å"The customers loyalty is simply not for sale. It cannot be bought for ever by companys ordeals. Real brand loyalty results from an emotional bond created by trust, dialogue, frequency, ease of use and a sense of value and added satisfaction. Loyalty is the reflection of a customers subconscious emotional and psychological need to find a constant source of value, satisfaction and identity.† (Jenkinson 1995) does make a valid point but it is still possible to obtain loyalty through loyalty programs its just not very easy. (Stone et al 2004) believe that customers are unlucky to become loyal to an organisation just from being part of one of these schemes. However they understand that a scheme could produce information that could help an organisation find ways to offer suitable rewards to meet the needs of customers which is likely to lead to loyalty amongst customers. (OBrien and Jones 1995) extend this theory and understand that the only way an organisation can obtain loyalty through a loyalty programme is if the organisation offers rewards that are of value to the customer. They claim there are 5 elements that determine value. (see appendix) Even though loyalty can be obtained through loyalty programmes it is necessary that every employee at the organisation is fully committed to the program. Therefore as well as any initial financial investment there also needs to be an investment in staff training when an organisation introduces a loyalty card. (Omar 1999) understands this and believes that a loyalty program will not be successful unless everyone within the organisation is committed. This includes the cashier who simply smiles and asks a customer if they own a loyalty card. (OConner 1996) shares this opinion and understands that customers will come back to a store and become loyal customers if employees are friendly. As well as being fully committed to their loyalty program organizations need to be sure that customers are not just signing up to their loyalty program just for the sake of it. (Omar 1999) understands that some customers may sign up to a loyalty scheme just to get the discounts and may not be actually loyal to the organisation. It is important that Organisations are aware of this when starting up a loyalty program. Even though (OBrien and Jones 1995) have already shown that an organisation can obtain loyalty through a loyalty programme if they offer rewards that are of value to the customer there are also many other factors that can affect how loyal customers are. (Wright and Sparks 1999) have identified that it is possible to achieve customer loyalty through a number of means. This includes where the store is located and how easy it is to access. Also the loyalty of customers very much depends on the quality and price of the goods being sold. (Bellizi and Bristol 2004) understand that a consumer that is part of a lot of loyalty schemes is more likely to be affected by other factors and judge a supermarket on the speed of its checkout lines and its variety of fresh produce. (Gounaris and Stathakopoulos 2004) extend this theory and suggest that customer loyalty is something that can be influenced by a combination of 3 factors. These are the reputation of the brand and the amount of choice available in the market, social influences and recommendations from peers and the degree of risk aversion from the consumer themselves. According to them these influences can create four types of loyalty: No loyalty Covetous loyalty: This is when a consumer has a strong attachment to a brand possible due to social influences yet there is no purchase. Many customers may be interested in premium brand products but choose to buy a less expensive alternative to save money. Inertia loyalty: This is when a customer purchases a certain brand due to habit or convenience but has no emotional attachment to the brand itself. A customer may choose one supermarket over another simply because it is closer. Premium loyalty: This is what every organisation should aim for. It is when a customer regularly buys a companys products due to a high attachment to the brand. However customer loyalty is obtained it is important not to under estimate the value of having loyalty customers. Every organisation should be aiming to encourage loyalty. (Omar 1999) understands the importance of customer loyalty and points out that a store is likely to be unsuccessful without loyal customers because they are likely to buy more products and will be willing to pay more. They are also more likely to recommend the organisation to friends and family which will bring in new customers. Organisations usually have to spend a lot of money on promotions to try and attract new customers to a business. It costs a less money for an organisation to obtain customers then it does to attract new ones. Also once customers are loyal to an organization they are less likely to be interested in the promotions other companies are offering. (Christopher and McDonald 1995) therefore understand that by retaining customers an organization could stop new companies from wanting to enter the market. (Halowell 1996) has also found evidence to show that there is a definite connection between the loyalty of customers and the amount of profit an organisation makes. (Oliver 1997) correctly sums up customer loyalty by defining it as. â€Å"A deeply held commitment to re buy or re patronize a preferred product/service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same-brand or same brand-set purchasing despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behaviour.† (Whyte 2004) suggests that loyalty programmers may just create customer loyalty for short amount of time that may not result in full commitment. This however isnt true because there are major differences between loyalty schemes and incentive schemes. (Hirshman and Goldstucker 1978) understand that loyalty programs are more long term and can help an organisation improve its reputation amongst customers and establish a relationship. This is definitely true as general incentive schemes are likely to be short term promotions or offers to make customers interested in a specific product or just to draw their attention to the brand. Loyalty programmes are therefore a lot more expensive to run then simple incentive schemes but a lot more beneficial at the same time. Loyalty schemes can even help organisations come up with appropriate short term offers and promotions which can be directly issued to the target market. (OConner 1996) has identified that incentive schemes are usually a final resort for organisations if their loyalty scheme fails. Even though (OBrien and Jones 1995) have already shown that an organisation can obtain loyalty through a loyalty programme if they offer rewards that are of value to the customer it is still very difficult for an organization to measure how loyal its customers are. (Omar 1999) identifies that Store loyalty is a function of customer satisfaction. This is definitely true as satisfied customers are more likely to keep coming back to the store and become loyal customers. However (Omar 1999) goes on to suggest that a number of variables can be used to determine how loyal a retailers customers are. (See appendix) The variables listed above could definitely be used to measure the satisfaction of customers. Despite this customers may appear to be satisfied and still decide to shop somewhere else if they are attracted by promotion. Therefore it is very difficult for an organisation to measure actual levels of loyalty. The History of Loyalty programs and Loyalty cards Organisations have been aiming to encourage customer loyalty for a long time and the introduction of loyalty cards has definitely helped them achieve this goal. Loyalty cards are now very popular both in the UK and internationally. (Sharp and Sharp 1997) have identified that since loyalty cards have been introduced, they have been used effectively by organisations to increase levels of satisfaction amongst customers. Further research will be conducted to show examples of this. Today the majority of retailers now offer loyalty schemes. (Rowley 2007) is aware of the popularity of Loyalty schemes and identified that they are now â€Å"an established feature of the retail and services landscape.† (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) suggested that competitors are likely to copy a loyalty scheme if it appears to be successful. This seems fairly understandable as organisations are often influenced by the activities of the competition. OMalley (1998) realises that there is a chance customers may begin to expect a reward every time they visit a store as loyalty cards have led to them being bombarded with promotions and money off vouchers for products they regularly buy. The above literature suggests that the introduction of loyalty cards is the only reason for organisations being so obsessed with obtaining the loyalty of customers. It is obviously a major factor but (Omar 1999) has identified that loyalty schemes have been growing in popularity for a lot longer than this and suggests that â€Å"such a remarkable shift to loyalty-building activity has been made possible because the cost of recruiting each consumer into a loyalty scheme has fallen substantially in real terms since the early 1970s.† (Omar 1999) also believes that the popularity of loyalty schemes may lead to their downfall by understanding that the majority of loyalty schemes are now run in pretty much the same way. He is therefore able to identify that the differentiation these schemes provided when they first became popular is slowly being lost. This could well be the reason why Asda have chosen not to invest in loyalty scheme even though the majority of their direct competitors have. (Omar 1999) even suggests that: â€Å"loyalty cards could start a more sophisticated round of mark-down wars which held the high street stores to ransom in the late 1980s and early 1990s.† However this seems unlikely. How loyalty programs benefit the organisation: (Walters and Hanrahan 2000) have been able to identify the numerous benefits for organisations that use loyalty programmes to store the purchasing details of their customers. Loyalty schemes can help an organisation decide where it places its products and how they allocate their space in store. They can also use the information they have stored in a database to introduce in store promotions and offers on products where they have identified interest from customers. Loyalty programmes can also more importantly help an organisation find out who its target market is. Tesco have had a lot of success since launching their very successful Clubcard scheme. (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) have identified that Tesco have been able to use their Clubcard to aid brand extension. Tesco have definitely shown that they understand the importance of customer loyalty. (Turner and Wilson 2006) were however able to identify Clubcard is not the only reason for Tescos loyal customers and major market growth. It is necessary for an organisation to know who its target market is and offer rewards to the right customers. (OBrien and Jones 1995) understand that it is important for organisations to consider the value of their customers. If they fail to do this an organisation may waste time and money satisfying the customers of less value whilst the greater value customers are not satisfied and loose loyalty as a result. An article by (Media Week 2009) suggested that loyalty schemes with the most members may not be the most successful ones. The article described how â€Å"todays loyalty efforts are more concerned with the quality of membership and not just the quality.† This makes sense as organisations are aiming to obtain loyalty and therefore dont just want customers to sign up for loyalty schemes just to get the discounts. It is still difficult to understand how a retailer is able to process all the information provided by loyalty cards considering how popular they are with customers. (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) identify that a popular loyalty scheme is likely to gather a lot of unnecessary data which is of no use to anyone. (Omar 1999) therefore suggests that â€Å"any loyalty scheme must be driven by a database to ensure that it adds a significant new element rather than being simply another promotional activity.† (Omar 1999) makes a very valid point although organisations are still dealing with a very large amount of information.. Loyalty cards have become increasingly popular within the last few years due to advances in technology like the growth in computer memory capacity (OConnor 1996) believes that it is therefore now possible for an organisation to track, identify and respond to the buying behaviour of customers. Also with this information a retailer can contact customers through direct mailing. (Passingham 1996) argues that not all customers who shop in a retailers store will sign up to a loyalty scheme so some of the data that is being stored may be inaccurate. Loyalty schemes also dont provide retailers with information about customer buying habits outside of that specific store. However a large proportion of regularly shoppers are likely to be part of the organisations loyalty scheme so this is unlikely to be a serious concern of organisations as they will still be able to get an overview of the buying habits of specific groups of customers. One of the main reasons that customers may refuse to sign up to a loyalty scheme is because they are worried that the organisation may give out their personal information to third parties. (Sarathy and Robertson 2003) have identified that customers may be concerned about their privacy when it comes to loyalty schemes due to recent corporate mismanagement scandals. However customers will be less likely to worry about this if they are attracted to the rewards being offered by the scheme. The following research by (Schriver 1997) which was carried out just as loyalty cards were becoming popular in the UK. He was able to identify 6 factors that surprisingly made consumers less loyal today than in the past. He also identified that the 6 factors can increase consumer doubt leading to more complaints and a lower level of loyalty as well as greater price sensitivity. How loyalty programs benefit customers (Potter 1998) identifies that customers deserve to be treated well by organisations. This is true as they are unlikely to come back and re visit a store if the experience they received was not a pleasurable one. It is clear that loyalty cards benefit organisations but how much do they benefit customers. (Schultz and Bailey, 2000) believe the rewards that customer receive are simply given to them as compensation for the information they provide. This section proves that this is not entirely correct and that loyalty programs can benefit customers. Despite this (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003) have identified that the main reason organizations invest in loyalty schemes is because they expect the program to benefit them. This is because the main aim of any business is to make a profit and being marketing orientated and meeting the needs of customers is the main way of achieving this aim Rowley (2000) has identified that loyalty style kiosks are becoming an increasingly popular way for organisation to encourage loyalty amongst customers in the USA. She describes how the kiosks themselves are placed at the front of stores and she is able to identify that they offer a lot more benefits then simple promotional leaflets. By offering one of these kiosks organisations are therefore likely to increase the satisfaction of their customers. This is because they are likely to feel valued as they get to choose their rewards instead simply being given a voucher they could potentially discard. Omar (1999) has already identified that loyalty is function of customer satisfaction. Despite customers receiving points every time they use their card in store (Omar 1999) believes that a number of schemes are purely set up to provide retailers with a database so that they can advertise their products directly to customers via emails. This is definitely a valid opinion. Therefore research will be carried out to find examples of how organisations have used their schemes in order to contact target groups of customers directly. If customers dont benefit from an organisations loyalty scheme the business is unlikely to be successful (Dowling and Uncles 1997) point out that this may make customers frustrated resulting in them losing loyalty. Different types of Loyalty Programs: There are many different types of loyalty programmes which can be used by organisations offering a wide variety of products and services. There is no single type of loyalty programme that is guaranteed to be successful. A study from (Wanswink 2003) showed that brand managers believe that all loyalty programmes can have an impact on the buying behaviour of customers. The study also showed that the most cost-effective loyalty programmes were the low and moderate ones. However another study by (Gordan and Mckeage 1997) showed that loyalty programmes are more likely to be successful if the organisation is offering a product or service that the customer considers to be high involvement because of the financial, social and physical risk involved. American express also offer a club yet they charge a fee to join. Although this could prevent customers from joining the loyalty programme (Shiffman and Kanuk 2007) can see a benefit of this by suggesting that â€Å"this increases the customers investment in the relationship which may lead to greater commitment and increased usage loyalty† Some companies reward loyal customers by giving them points so they can gain more goods or services from the organisation. This kind of point system is very popular with hotel chains and airlines. (Shiffman and Kanuk 2007) believe that this could act as an exit barrier because customers would have to give up the points if they started a new relationship. Chapter 3 Methodology Now that the relevant literature has been reviewed further research has been conducted to examine the benefits and drawbacks of loyalty programs to both organisations and customers. The purpose of this research was too help organisations who offer loyalty cards identify ways in which they can make the most of the information they gather whilst benefiting organisations that dont currently offer a scheme by helping them identify if loyalty schemes are beneficial or not. Customers who are part of loyalty programs and people involved in business will also benefit from this research. Several aims and objectives of this research were established before the research was carried out. The first aim was to find out what loyalty actually is and whether actual loyalty can be obtained through a loyalty scheme. After this the history of loyalty cards and loyalty programs were researched to identify how rapidly the trend grew in the UK and internationally. This was followed by research into the benefits of loyalty programs for both organisations and customers and research into the different types of loyalty programs in which customers can sign up for. In the end all research that was conducted was secondary and not primary. This was partly due to insufficient funds as it would cost a lot of money and take a lot of time to arrange interviews with members of the major organisations that were studied. There were also plans to hand out questioners to people in supermarkets although these never went ahead due to ethical reasons. Despite there being some limitations of this study all the information found from the secondary research did relate to the aims and objectives and therefore will be of benefit to the reader. The research process consisted of examining several articles, various figures and company websites in order to achieve the aims and objectives. The majority of this research was taken from journals, newspaper articles and from The Grocer magazine. A number of case studies were also examined during the research process. An article in the Grocer from the 18th April 2008 entitled â€Å"Service with a smile† was examined because it described some of the various ways organisations could encourage loyalty amongst customers. However one of the main purposes of this research was to identify if loyalty can be obtained through loyalty schemes. Are loyalty schemes able to reach large groups of shoppers? Another article in The Grocer from the 6th February 2010 entitled â€Å"retailers need to work harder to increase loyalty card appeal† was examined in order to answer this question. Research was conducted to find out how many loyalty cards are currently in operation in the UK and internationally. This will help gain an understanding of how rapidly loyalty schemes have grown in popularity over the last 15 years. A number of sources where found which featured sections that showed exactly how popular loyalty schemes were on a national and global basis in different years and the relevant figures are shown and analysed in the results section. One of the sources used is an article from (University Of Minnesota 2009) entitled Leveraging Multichannel Retailing: The experience of Tesco.com which describes how Tesco have grown to dominate the UK market. Figures were also taken from a case study in a book by Omar (1999) entitled Retail Marketing. An article from Media Week entitled â€Å"the brave new world of loyalty marketing† featured results from a state by state analysis by the COLLOQUY Loyalty Census which describes the popularity of loyalty cards on a global scale and by how much this has increased since 2007. Several major organisations were researched to find out which loyalty schemes had been successful and the reasons for this. Most major organisations now offer a loyalty program. How do independent retailers encourage loyalty? An article in the Grocer from the 5th February 2010 entitled â€Å"Independent chains seek to win loyalty with card schemes† helped to answer this question. Organisations value the customers loyalty and their purchasing activity data. However a lot of money is spent on loyalty schemes and therefore research was carried to find out whether loyalty schemes are worth investing in. An article from the BBC written on the 17th February 2003 entitled â€Å"The cost of Nectar loyalty† explains why this may not be the case. Dispute this many organisations have benefit from loyalty schemes and Tesco is definitely an example of this. A lot of research was therefore based around Tesco as they currently dominate the UK market. Page 17 of the Walters D, Hanarahan J (2000) book entitled Retail Strategy described some of the major benefits loyalty club members at Tesco receive. The article by the (University of Minnesota 2009) was also examined again because it described why Tesco had been so successful. Page 94 of this article described how Tesco were able to manage customer relations and use their ClubCard to aid direct marketing. Why Asda do not offer a loyalty scheme? The answer to this question can be found in the results section. The answer was taken from an article in the Grocer from the 7th November 2009 entitled â€Å"Why Asda rejected launching its own loyalty card scheme† explains exactly why. However another article in the Grocer from the 20th February 2010 entitled â€Å"Is Asda paying the price for not joining the loyalty club? Suggests reasons why this decision made by Asda may have been a mistake Asda are owned by Wal-Mart which is a major American retailer who currently has the 2nd largest database in the US behind the US government. T

Analysis of The World of Wrestling by Roland Barthes Essay -- The Worl

Analysis of The World of Wrestling by Roland Barthes Roland Barthes's essay on "The World of Wrestling" draws analogically on the ancient theatre to contextualize wrestling as a cultural myth where the grandiloquence of the ancient is preserved and the spectacle of excess is displayed. Barthes's critique -- which is above all a rewriting of what was to understand what is -- is useful here insofar as it may be applied back to theatre as another open-air spectacle. But in this case, not the theatre of the ancients, but the Middle English pageant presents the locus for discussing the sport of presentation, or, if you prefer, the performance of the sport. More specifically, what we see by looking at the Harrowing of Hell -- the dramatic moment in the cycle plays that narratizes doctrinal redemption more graphically than any other play in the cycle -- as spectacle offers a matrix for the multiple relationships between performance and audience and the means of producing that performance which, in turn, necessarily produces the audience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The implications of the spectacle could sensibly be applied to the complete texts of the cycle plays, and perhaps more appropriately to the full range of the pageant and its concomitant festivities. The direction of pseudo-historical criticism, especially of the Elizabethan stage, certainly provides a well-plowed ground for advancing the festive and carnivalesque inherently present in the establishment and event of theater. Nevertheless, my discussion here is both more limited and more expansive: its limits are constructed by the choice of an individual play recurrent through the four extant manuscripts of what has come to be called the Corpus Christi plays; its expansion is expressed through a delivery that aims to implicate the particular moment of this play in the operations of a dominant church-state apparatus, which is, ostensibly, a model of maintaining hegemony in Western culture. The Harrowing provides a singular instance in which the mechanisms of control of the apparatus appear to extend and exploit their relationship with the audience (i.e. congregation). The play is constructed beyond the canonized operations of the sacred, originating a narrative beyond (yet within) the authorized vulgate; it is constructed only through church authority yet maint... ...thorizing. It seems we are not merely to claim, as Hardin Craig does, that the plays are "a theological intelligence motivated by structural imagination that lasted from age to age in the development of a great cycle of mystery plays." Instead, we should interrogate the multiple dimensions of artistry and artificiality of the play; our task is to ask how these plays operate as a performative moment coming directly from the dominant arms of orthodoxy while still being influenced by the severely limited mass culture. We may find, then, at the center of the controlling mechanisms of the church-state apparatus, the necessitated desire for community that even Satan validates and proclaims:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nay, I pray the do not so;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vmthynke the better in thy mynde;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Or els let me with the go,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I pray the leyffe me not behynde! The desire, of course, extends past Satan's plea, for the homogenized desire of the congregation ultimately -- which is in history written and yet to be -- is directed toward a different answer from Jesus: one that affirms salvation and again confirms the church's orthodox pageantry of performance. Analysis of The World of Wrestling by Roland Barthes Essay -- The Worl Analysis of The World of Wrestling by Roland Barthes Roland Barthes's essay on "The World of Wrestling" draws analogically on the ancient theatre to contextualize wrestling as a cultural myth where the grandiloquence of the ancient is preserved and the spectacle of excess is displayed. Barthes's critique -- which is above all a rewriting of what was to understand what is -- is useful here insofar as it may be applied back to theatre as another open-air spectacle. But in this case, not the theatre of the ancients, but the Middle English pageant presents the locus for discussing the sport of presentation, or, if you prefer, the performance of the sport. More specifically, what we see by looking at the Harrowing of Hell -- the dramatic moment in the cycle plays that narratizes doctrinal redemption more graphically than any other play in the cycle -- as spectacle offers a matrix for the multiple relationships between performance and audience and the means of producing that performance which, in turn, necessarily produces the audience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The implications of the spectacle could sensibly be applied to the complete texts of the cycle plays, and perhaps more appropriately to the full range of the pageant and its concomitant festivities. The direction of pseudo-historical criticism, especially of the Elizabethan stage, certainly provides a well-plowed ground for advancing the festive and carnivalesque inherently present in the establishment and event of theater. Nevertheless, my discussion here is both more limited and more expansive: its limits are constructed by the choice of an individual play recurrent through the four extant manuscripts of what has come to be called the Corpus Christi plays; its expansion is expressed through a delivery that aims to implicate the particular moment of this play in the operations of a dominant church-state apparatus, which is, ostensibly, a model of maintaining hegemony in Western culture. The Harrowing provides a singular instance in which the mechanisms of control of the apparatus appear to extend and exploit their relationship with the audience (i.e. congregation). The play is constructed beyond the canonized operations of the sacred, originating a narrative beyond (yet within) the authorized vulgate; it is constructed only through church authority yet maint... ...thorizing. It seems we are not merely to claim, as Hardin Craig does, that the plays are "a theological intelligence motivated by structural imagination that lasted from age to age in the development of a great cycle of mystery plays." Instead, we should interrogate the multiple dimensions of artistry and artificiality of the play; our task is to ask how these plays operate as a performative moment coming directly from the dominant arms of orthodoxy while still being influenced by the severely limited mass culture. We may find, then, at the center of the controlling mechanisms of the church-state apparatus, the necessitated desire for community that even Satan validates and proclaims:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nay, I pray the do not so;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vmthynke the better in thy mynde;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Or els let me with the go,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I pray the leyffe me not behynde! The desire, of course, extends past Satan's plea, for the homogenized desire of the congregation ultimately -- which is in history written and yet to be -- is directed toward a different answer from Jesus: one that affirms salvation and again confirms the church's orthodox pageantry of performance.